diff --git a/.changeset/fn-7391-anthropic-subscription-cli-routing.md b/.changeset/fn-7391-anthropic-subscription-cli-routing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97e9b961bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fn-7391-anthropic-subscription-cli-routing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"@runfusion/fusion": patch
+---
+
+summary: Fix Anthropic subscription chat failing with 429/502 by routing it through the Claude CLI.
+category: fix
+dev: Anthropic routing now keeps three surfaces distinct: raw API keys authenticate direct api.anthropic.com/v1, subscription/OAuth remains `anthropic-subscription`, and CLI execution uses `pi-claude-cli`; OAuth-only selections never authenticate direct `/v1` and are routed to the CLI provider when available.
diff --git a/docs/settings-reference.md b/docs/settings-reference.md
index f0e2df603c..d762a967ce 100644
--- a/docs/settings-reference.md
+++ b/docs/settings-reference.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Defaults from `DEFAULT_GLOBAL_SETTINGS`; key scope from `GLOBAL_SETTINGS_KEYS`.
 | `language` | `"en" \| "zh-CN" \| "zh-TW" \| "fr" \| "es" \| "ko"` | `undefined` | UI language for the dashboard and TUI. When unset, the dashboard detects from localStorage → browser language and the CLI from `--lang` flag → environment locale, falling back to `en`. Validated at the store write boundary (`validateLocale`); invalid values are dropped. Reset to auto-detect via the dashboard's "Auto" language option or `fn settings set language auto` (clears the persisted key). |
 | `dashboardFontScalePct` | `number` | `100` | Dashboard font scale percentage used by Appearance settings. Valid range: `85` to `125`; applied pre-hydration via document root font-size so board typography (column headers/counts, task cards, and quick-entry text) scales with the setting from first paint. |
 | `dismissModalsOnOutsideClick` | `boolean` | `false` | Global dashboard preference for closing fixed modal overlays by clicking/tapping the backdrop. Off by default to prevent accidental modal dismissal; explicit close, cancel, and Escape paths remain available. |
-| `defaultProvider` | `string` | `undefined` | Default AI provider. |
+| `defaultProvider` | `string` | `undefined` | Default AI provider. Anthropic has three distinct surfaces: direct `anthropic` uses raw API-key material only (`ANTHROPIC_API_KEY`, a `models.json` `apiKey`, or an `api_key` auth credential); subscription OAuth remains the `anthropic-subscription` auth/usage credential; Claude CLI execution uses the `pi-claude-cli` model provider. OAuth-only Anthropic selections are never sent to `api.anthropic.com/v1`; Fusion routes them to the CLI provider when available or fails with a configuration error. |
 | `defaultModelId` | `string` | `undefined` | Default AI model ID. |
 | `modelPricingOverrides` | `Record<string, ModelPricing>` | `undefined` | Optional global Command Center pricing overrides keyed by lowercased `provider:model` or bare `:model`. Values store USD per 1M input, output, cache-read, and cache-write tokens plus optional `source`; they override the built-in pricing table for cost estimates only and are editable from Settings → Global Models → View pricing table. |
 | `modelPricingFetchedAt` | `string` | `undefined` | ISO timestamp for the last successful one-click pricing refresh from the Settings → Global Models pricing summary. |
diff --git a/packages/dashboard/src/__tests__/routes-auth.test.ts b/packages/dashboard/src/__tests__/routes-auth.test.ts
index 43c6372282..198bfb4b82 100644
--- a/packages/dashboard/src/__tests__/routes-auth.test.ts
+++ b/packages/dashboard/src/__tests__/routes-auth.test.ts
@@ -498,6 +498,80 @@ describe("GET /models", () => {
       const providers = res.body.models.map((m: { provider: string }) => m.provider);
       expect(providers).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["anthropic", "openai", "pi-claude-cli"]));
     });
+
+    it("hides direct Anthropic rows for OAuth-only subscription auth while showing distinct Claude CLI rows", async () => {
+      await vi.mocked(fsPromises.readFile).withImplementation(async (path: unknown) => {
+        const value = String(path);
+        if (value.endsWith("auth.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({
+            anthropic: { type: "oauth", access: "legacy-oauth", refresh: "refresh", expires: Date.now() + 60_000 },
+            "anthropic-subscription": { type: "oauth", access: "subscription-oauth", refresh: "refresh", expires: Date.now() + 60_000 },
+            openai: { type: "api_key", key: "openai-key" },
+          });
+        }
+        if (value.endsWith("models.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({ providers: { openai: { apiKey: "openai-key" } } });
+        }
+        return "{}";
+      }, async () => {
+        const registry = createMockModelRegistry({
+          getAvailable: vi.fn().mockReturnValue([
+            { id: "claude-sonnet-4-5", name: "Claude Sonnet 4.5", provider: "anthropic", reasoning: true, contextWindow: 200000 },
+            { id: "claude-sonnet-4-5", name: "Claude Sonnet 4.5 OAuth", provider: "anthropic-subscription", reasoning: true, contextWindow: 200000 },
+            { id: "claude-sonnet-4-5", name: "Claude Sonnet 4.5 (CLI)", provider: "pi-claude-cli", reasoning: true, contextWindow: 200000 },
+            { id: "gpt-4o", name: "GPT-4o", provider: "openai", reasoning: false, contextWindow: 128000 },
+          ]),
+        });
+        const res = await GET(buildAppWithSetting(true, registry), "/api/models");
+        expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+        const providers = res.body.models.map((m: { provider: string }) => m.provider);
+        expect(providers).toContain("pi-claude-cli");
+        expect(providers).toContain("openai");
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("anthropic");
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("anthropic-subscription");
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("hides all Anthropic model rows for OAuth-only auth when Claude CLI picker visibility is disabled", async () => {
+      await vi.mocked(fsPromises.readFile).withImplementation(async (path: unknown) => {
+        const value = String(path);
+        if (value.endsWith("auth.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({
+            "anthropic-subscription": { type: "oauth", access: "subscription-oauth", refresh: "refresh", expires: Date.now() + 60_000 },
+          });
+        }
+        if (value.endsWith("models.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({ providers: {} });
+        }
+        return "{}";
+      }, async () => {
+        const res = await GET(buildAppWithSetting(false, registryWithCli()), "/api/models");
+        expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+        const providers = res.body.models.map((m: { provider: string }) => m.provider);
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("anthropic");
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("anthropic-subscription");
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("pi-claude-cli");
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("shows direct Anthropic rows when a raw API key exists", async () => {
+      await vi.mocked(fsPromises.readFile).withImplementation(async (path: unknown) => {
+        const value = String(path);
+        if (value.endsWith("auth.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({ anthropic: { type: "api_key", key: "sk-ant-api03-direct" } });
+        }
+        if (value.endsWith("models.json")) {
+          return JSON.stringify({ providers: {} });
+        }
+        return "{}";
+      }, async () => {
+        const res = await GET(buildAppWithSetting(false, registryWithCli()), "/api/models");
+        expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+        const providers = res.body.models.map((m: { provider: string }) => m.provider);
+        expect(providers).toContain("anthropic");
+        expect(providers).not.toContain("pi-claude-cli");
+      });
+    });
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/dashboard/src/routes/register-model-routes.ts b/packages/dashboard/src/routes/register-model-routes.ts
index 8fd6c19275..1ba3c547f6 100644
--- a/packages/dashboard/src/routes/register-model-routes.ts
+++ b/packages/dashboard/src/routes/register-model-routes.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import type { CustomProvider } from "@fusion/core";
 import { ApiError } from "../api-error.js";
 import type { ApiRouteRegistrar } from "./types.js";
 
+const ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID = "anthropic";
+const ANTHROPIC_SUBSCRIPTION_PROVIDER_ID = "anthropic-subscription";
+
 /**
  * Read provider names from Fusion's own auth stores (primary + legacy .pi).
  * These represent providers the user has explicitly configured in Fusion,
@@ -27,14 +30,34 @@ async function getConfiguredProviderNames(): Promise<Set<string>> {
     try {
       await access(authPath);
       const parsed = JSON.parse(await readFile(authPath, "utf-8")) as Record<string, unknown>;
-      for (const key of Object.keys(parsed)) {
-        providers.add(key);
+      for (const [key, credential] of Object.entries(parsed)) {
+        if (key === ANTHROPIC_SUBSCRIPTION_PROVIDER_ID) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (key !== ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID) {
+          providers.add(key);
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (credential && typeof credential === "object" && (credential as { type?: unknown }).type === "api_key") {
+          providers.add(key);
+        }
       }
     } catch {
       // Ignore missing or invalid auth files
     }
   }
 
+  /*
+  FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-07-01-12:06:
+  The model picker must not advertise direct `anthropic` rows for OAuth-only Claude subscription setups. Only raw API-key material (auth.json `type: api_key`, models.json apiKey, or ANTHROPIC_API_KEY) configures the direct api.anthropic.com/v1 provider.
+
+  FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-07-01-12:18:
+  Keep Anthropic's three surfaces distinct in discovery: raw API-key auth configures direct `anthropic`, subscription OAuth stays an auth/usage credential (`anthropic-subscription`) and is not a model provider row, and Claude CLI models appear only as `pi-claude-cli` when the CLI picker toggle is enabled.
+  */
+  if (process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY) {
+    providers.add(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID);
+  }
+
   // Check models.json for providers with inline API keys
   const modelsPaths = [
     join(home, ".fusion", "agent", "models.json"),
diff --git a/packages/engine/src/__tests__/auth-storage.test.ts b/packages/engine/src/__tests__/auth-storage.test.ts
index 774954d8c8..0e5deca80e 100644
--- a/packages/engine/src/__tests__/auth-storage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/engine/src/__tests__/auth-storage.test.ts
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
 
     const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
 
-    expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("claude-access-token");
+    expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
     expect(authStorage.get("anthropic")).toEqual({
       type: "oauth",
       access: "claude-access-token",
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       expect(authStorage.hasAuth("anthropic")).toBe(true);
     });
 
-    it("uses Anthropic subscription OAuth for model runtime auth when no raw API key exists", async () => {
+    it("does not use Anthropic subscription OAuth for direct model runtime auth when no raw API key exists", async () => {
       writeFusionAuth(homeDir, {
         "anthropic-subscription": {
           type: "oauth",
@@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
 
       const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
 
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic-subscription")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
       expect(authStorage.hasAuth("anthropic")).toBe(true);
       expect(authStorage.list()).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["anthropic", "anthropic-subscription"]));
     });
@@ -297,7 +298,8 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
 
       const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
 
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("refreshed-subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic-subscription")).toBe("refreshed-subscription-access-token");
       expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         "https://platform.claude.com/v1/oauth/token",
         expect.objectContaining({
@@ -366,7 +368,8 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       expect(authStorage.has("anthropic")).toBe(true);
       expect(authStorage.hasAuth("anthropic")).toBe(true);
       expect(authStorage.list()).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["anthropic", "anthropic-subscription"]));
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic-subscription")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
     });
 
     it("uses a newly set subscription credential for runtime auth after raw Anthropic logout", async () => {
@@ -386,7 +389,8 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       });
 
       expect(authStorage.get("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic-subscription")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
     });
 
     it("keeps raw Anthropic API keys visible when subscription logout suppresses OAuth aliases", async () => {
@@ -419,7 +423,7 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       });
 
       const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("legacy-subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
 
       authStorage.logout("anthropic-subscription");
 
@@ -521,11 +525,12 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       });
       authStorage.reload();
 
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic-subscription")).toBe("subscription-access-token");
     });
   });
 
-  it("refreshes and persists expired Claude OAuth credentials from Claude credential files", async () => {
+  it("does not refresh Claude OAuth credentials as direct Anthropic API keys", async () => {
     const claudeDir = join(homeDir, ".claude");
     mkdirSync(claudeDir, { recursive: true });
 
@@ -541,43 +546,24 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       }),
     );
 
-    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-      ok: true,
-      json: async () => ({
-        access_token: "refreshed-claude-access-token",
-        refresh_token: "rotated-claude-refresh-token",
-        expires_in: 3600,
-        scope: "user:profile org:create_api_key",
-      }),
-    } as Response);
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true } as Response);
     globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof fetch;
 
     const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
 
-    expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("refreshed-claude-access-token");
-    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      "https://platform.claude.com/v1/oauth/token",
-      expect.objectContaining({
-        method: "POST",
-        body: expect.stringContaining("\"scope\":\"user:profile org:create_api_key\""),
-      }),
-    );
+    expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(authStorage.get("anthropic")).toEqual({
       type: "oauth",
-      access: "refreshed-claude-access-token",
-      refresh: "rotated-claude-refresh-token",
-      expires: expect.any(Number),
-      scopes: ["user:profile", "org:create_api_key"],
-    });
-
-    const persisted = JSON.parse(readFileSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir), "utf-8"));
-    expect(persisted.anthropic).toEqual({
-      type: "oauth",
-      access: "refreshed-claude-access-token",
-      refresh: "rotated-claude-refresh-token",
+      access: "expired-claude-access-token",
+      refresh: "claude-refresh-token",
       expires: expect.any(Number),
       scopes: ["user:profile", "org:create_api_key"],
     });
+    const persisted = existsSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir))
+      ? JSON.parse(readFileSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir), "utf-8"))
+      : {};
+    expect(persisted.anthropic?.access).not.toBe("refreshed-claude-access-token");
   });
 
   it("does not persist an invalid Claude OAuth refresh response", async () => {
@@ -629,8 +615,8 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
 
     expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
     expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    const persisted = JSON.parse(readFileSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir), "utf-8"));
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const persisted = existsSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir)) ? JSON.parse(readFileSync(getFusionAuthPath(homeDir), "utf-8")) : {};
     expect(persisted.anthropic).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
@@ -665,14 +651,14 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic"),
       authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic"),
     ])).resolves.toEqual([
-      "refreshed-claude-access-token",
-      "refreshed-claude-access-token",
-      "refreshed-claude-access-token",
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
     ]);
-    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("does not let a stale Claude OAuth refresh overwrite a newer login", async () => {
+  it("does not refresh stale Claude OAuth material for direct Anthropic API auth", async () => {
     const claudeDir = join(homeDir, ".claude");
     mkdirSync(claudeDir, { recursive: true });
 
@@ -687,39 +673,13 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       }),
     );
 
-    let resolveJson: ((value: unknown) => void) | undefined;
-    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-      ok: true,
-      json: () => new Promise((resolve) => {
-        resolveJson = resolve;
-      }),
-    } as Response);
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: true } as Response);
     globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof fetch;
 
     const authStorage = createFusionAuthStorage();
-    const pendingRefresh = authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic");
-    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
 
-    authStorage.set("anthropic", {
-      type: "oauth",
-      access: "fresh-login-access-token",
-      refresh: "fresh-login-refresh-token",
-      expires: Date.now() + 3_600_000,
-    });
-
-    resolveJson?.({
-      access_token: "stale-refresh-access-token",
-      refresh_token: "stale-refresh-refresh-token",
-      expires_in: 3600,
-    });
-
-    await expect(pendingRefresh).resolves.toBe("fresh-login-access-token");
-    expect(authStorage.get("anthropic")).toEqual({
-      type: "oauth",
-      access: "fresh-login-access-token",
-      refresh: "fresh-login-refresh-token",
-      expires: expect.any(Number),
-    });
+    await expect(authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("hydrates newer Codex CLI OAuth credentials into Fusion auth on reload", async () => {
@@ -974,7 +934,7 @@ describe("createFusionAuthStorage", () => {
       // Before logout, supplemental credentials are visible
       expect(authStorage.has("anthropic")).toBe(true);
       expect(authStorage.hasAuth("anthropic")).toBe(true);
-      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBe("claude-access-token");
+      expect(await authStorage.getApiKey("anthropic")).toBeUndefined();
 
       // Log out
       authStorage.logout("anthropic");
diff --git a/packages/engine/src/__tests__/pi-create-fn-agent.test.ts b/packages/engine/src/__tests__/pi-create-fn-agent.test.ts
index 42ce606ed3..cdbf67475f 100644
--- a/packages/engine/src/__tests__/pi-create-fn-agent.test.ts
+++ b/packages/engine/src/__tests__/pi-create-fn-agent.test.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ const sessionManagerGetSessionIdMock = vi.fn(() => undefined);
 const settingsManagerCreateMock = vi.fn(() => ({ kind: "settings-manager-create" }));
 const settingsManagerInMemoryMock = vi.fn(() => ({ kind: "settings-manager" }));
 const setFallbackResolverMock = vi.fn();
+const authStorageGetApiKeyMock = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
+const authStorageGetMock = vi.fn(() => undefined);
+const authStorageHasMock = vi.fn(() => false);
+const authStorageHasAuthMock = vi.fn(() => false);
+const authStorageGetAllMock = vi.fn(() => ({}));
+const authStorageListMock = vi.fn(() => []);
 const reloadMock = vi.fn(async () => {});
 const execSyncMock = vi.fn((_cmd?: any, _opts?: any) => "");
 const spawnSyncMock = vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: "" }));
@@ -94,6 +100,16 @@ vi.mock("@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent", () => ({
   AuthStorage: {
     create: () => ({
       setFallbackResolver: setFallbackResolverMock,
+      getApiKey: authStorageGetApiKeyMock,
+      get: authStorageGetMock,
+      set: vi.fn(),
+      has: authStorageHasMock,
+      hasAuth: authStorageHasAuthMock,
+      getAll: authStorageGetAllMock,
+      list: authStorageListMock,
+      logout: vi.fn(),
+      remove: vi.fn(),
+      reload: vi.fn(),
     }),
   },
   createAgentSession: createAgentSessionMock,
@@ -1111,6 +1127,16 @@ describe("createFnAgent", () => {
     getAllMock.mockReturnValue([]);
     findMock.mockImplementation((provider: string, modelId: string) => ({ provider, id: modelId }));
     // #1675: re-establish default auth + session-id mock returns after clearAllMocks.
+    authStorageGetApiKeyMock.mockImplementation(async (provider: string) => (
+      provider === "anthropic" ? "sk-ant-api03-test-key" : undefined
+    ));
+    authStorageGetMock.mockImplementation((provider: string) => (
+      provider === "anthropic" ? { type: "api_key", key: "sk-ant-api03-test-key" } : undefined
+    ));
+    authStorageHasMock.mockReturnValue(false);
+    authStorageHasAuthMock.mockReturnValue(false);
+    authStorageGetAllMock.mockReturnValue({});
+    authStorageListMock.mockReturnValue([]);
     getApiKeyAndHeadersMock.mockResolvedValue({ ok: true, apiKey: undefined, headers: undefined });
     sessionManagerGetSessionIdMock.mockReturnValue(undefined);
     createBashToolMock.mockClear();
@@ -1677,6 +1703,80 @@ describe("createFnAgent", () => {
     expect(anthropicRegistrations).toHaveLength(0);
   });
 
+  it("routes OAuth-only persisted Anthropic selections to the Claude CLI provider even when the picker toggle is unset", async () => {
+    authStorageGetMock.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    authStorageGetApiKeyMock.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    findMock.mockImplementation((provider: string, modelId: string) => {
+      if (provider === "anthropic" && modelId === "claude-opus-4-8") {
+        return { provider, id: modelId, baseUrl: "https://api.anthropic.com/v1" };
+      }
+      if (provider === "pi-claude-cli" && modelId === "claude-opus-4-8") {
+        return { provider, id: modelId };
+      }
+      return { provider, id: modelId };
+    });
+
+    const { createFnAgent } = await import("../pi.js");
+    await createFnAgent({
+      cwd: "/tmp",
+      systemPrompt: "test",
+      tools: "readonly",
+      defaultProvider: "anthropic",
+      defaultModelId: "claude-opus-4-8",
+    });
+
+    expect(createAgentSessionMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({
+      model: { provider: "pi-claude-cli", id: "claude-opus-4-8" },
+    }));
+    expect(createAgentSessionMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({
+      model: expect.objectContaining({ provider: "anthropic" }),
+    }));
+  });
+
+  it("keeps raw Anthropic API-key selections on the direct provider", async () => {
+    authStorageGetApiKeyMock.mockImplementation(async (provider: string) => (
+      provider === "anthropic" ? "sk-ant-api03-direct" : undefined
+    ));
+
+    const { createFnAgent } = await import("../pi.js");
+    await createFnAgent({
+      cwd: "/tmp",
+      systemPrompt: "test",
+      tools: "readonly",
+      defaultProvider: "anthropic",
+      defaultModelId: "claude-opus-4-8",
+    });
+
+    expect(createAgentSessionMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({
+      model: { provider: "anthropic", id: "claude-opus-4-8" },
+    }));
+  });
+
+  it("fails clearly for OAuth-only Anthropic selections when the Claude CLI provider is unavailable", async () => {
+    authStorageGetMock.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    authStorageGetApiKeyMock.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    findMock.mockImplementation((provider: string, modelId: string) => {
+      if (provider === "anthropic" && modelId === "claude-opus-4-8") {
+        return { provider, id: modelId };
+      }
+      if (provider === "pi-claude-cli") {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      return { provider, id: modelId };
+    });
+    getAllMock.mockReturnValue([{ provider: "anthropic", id: "claude-opus-4-8" }]);
+
+    const { createFnAgent } = await import("../pi.js");
+    await expect(createFnAgent({
+      cwd: "/tmp",
+      systemPrompt: "test",
+      tools: "readonly",
+      defaultProvider: "anthropic",
+      defaultModelId: "claude-opus-4-8",
+    })).rejects.toThrow("requires the Claude CLI provider");
+    expect(createAgentSessionMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it("backfills the resolved model onto sessions that do not mirror it", async () => {
     const session = {
       prompt: vi.fn(),
diff --git a/packages/engine/src/auth-storage.ts b/packages/engine/src/auth-storage.ts
index b256029ec8..2d6d04b6c9 100644
--- a/packages/engine/src/auth-storage.ts
+++ b/packages/engine/src/auth-storage.ts
@@ -496,35 +496,14 @@ export function createFusionAuthStorage(): AuthStorage {
       if (anthropicApiKeyCredential) {
         return resolveStoredCredentialApiKey(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID, anthropicApiKeyCredential);
       }
-    }
 
-    const subscriptionLoggedOut = loggedOutProviders.has(ANTHROPIC_SUBSCRIPTION_PROVIDER_ID);
-    const legacyAnthropicOAuthCredential = rawProviderLoggedOut
-      ? undefined
-      : selectStoredCredentialByType(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID, "oauth");
-    if (!subscriptionLoggedOut && legacyAnthropicOAuthCredential) {
-      const legacyKey = await resolveRefreshableCredentialApiKey(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID, legacyAnthropicOAuthCredential);
-      if (legacyKey) return legacyKey;
-    }
-
-    if (!subscriptionLoggedOut) {
-      const subscriptionCredential = selectStoredCredential(ANTHROPIC_SUBSCRIPTION_PROVIDER_ID);
-      if (subscriptionCredential?.type === "oauth") {
-        /*
-        FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-06-30-11:26:
-        Anthropic model execution still requests provider `anthropic`, but the separated subscription login now stores OAuth material under `anthropic-subscription` so the API-key card can remain raw-key-only.
-        Resolve and refresh the subscription credential with the upstream Anthropic OAuth provider id while persisting rotated tokens back to `anthropic-subscription`.
-        */
-        const subscriptionKey = await resolveRefreshableCredentialApiKey(ANTHROPIC_SUBSCRIPTION_PROVIDER_ID, subscriptionCredential);
-        if (subscriptionKey) return subscriptionKey;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!rawProviderLoggedOut) {
       /*
+      FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-07-01-11:55:
+      Subscription/OAuth Anthropic tokens must never authenticate the direct `api.anthropic.com/v1` provider because Anthropic blocks Claude Pro/Max OAuth material on that public API surface. Keep provider `anthropic` raw-key-only here; the `anthropic-subscription` OAuth getter below remains available for Claude CLI and usage endpoints that intentionally consume subscription OAuth.
+
       FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-06-30-13:28:
       Logging out of the raw Anthropic provider must suppress raw-key sources consistently across status and runtime resolution.
-      Treat models.json Anthropic keys and ModelRegistry fallback resolver keys as raw-key fallback material, while subscription OAuth remains governed by the separate `anthropic-subscription` logout state above.
+      Treat models.json Anthropic keys and ModelRegistry fallback resolver keys as raw-key fallback material, while subscription OAuth remains governed by the separate `anthropic-subscription` logout state.
       */
       const modelsJsonApiKey = modelsJsonApiKeys.get(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID);
       if (modelsJsonApiKey) return modelsJsonApiKey;
@@ -573,6 +552,12 @@ export function createFusionAuthStorage(): AuthStorage {
         };
       }
 
+      if (prop === "setFallbackResolver") {
+        return (resolver: (provider: string) => string | undefined) => {
+          (target as unknown as { fallbackResolver?: (provider: string) => string | undefined }).fallbackResolver = resolver;
+        };
+      }
+
       if (prop === "set") {
         return (provider: string, credential: AuthCredential) => {
           target.set(provider, credential);
@@ -602,7 +587,7 @@ export function createFusionAuthStorage(): AuthStorage {
           if (loggedOutProviders.has(provider)) {
             return false;
           }
-          return target.has(provider) || provider in supplementalCredentials || modelsJsonApiKeys.has(provider);
+          return target.has(provider) || provider in supplementalCredentials || modelsJsonApiKeys.has(provider) || hasTargetFallbackAuth(provider);
         };
       }
 
@@ -614,7 +599,7 @@ export function createFusionAuthStorage(): AuthStorage {
           if (loggedOutProviders.has(provider)) {
             return false;
           }
-          return target.hasAuth(provider) || Boolean(supplementalCredentials[provider]) || modelsJsonApiKeys.has(provider);
+          return target.hasAuth(provider) || Boolean(supplementalCredentials[provider]) || modelsJsonApiKeys.has(provider) || hasTargetFallbackAuth(provider);
         };
       }
 
@@ -698,7 +683,11 @@ export function createFusionAuthStorage(): AuthStorage {
           if (supplementalKey) return supplementalKey;
 
           // 3. models.json provider API keys (e.g., kimi-coding, lmstudio)
-          return modelsJsonApiKeys.get(provider);
+          const modelsJsonApiKey = modelsJsonApiKeys.get(provider);
+          if (modelsJsonApiKey) return modelsJsonApiKey;
+
+          // 4. ModelRegistry fallback resolver (env-backed provider configs)
+          return resolveTargetFallbackApiKey(provider);
         };
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/engine/src/pi.ts b/packages/engine/src/pi.ts
index 1b4b5d272d..cde843bb0a 100644
--- a/packages/engine/src/pi.ts
+++ b/packages/engine/src/pi.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import {
   ModelRegistry,
   SessionManager,
   SettingsManager,
+  type AuthStorage,
   type AgentSession,
   type ToolDefinition,
 } from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
@@ -82,6 +83,8 @@ const RTK_ACCEPTED_REWRITE_EXIT_CODES = new Set([0, 3]);
 const RTK_EXPECTED_PASSTHROUGH_EXIT_CODES = new Set([1, 2]);
 const RTK_EXPECTED_FAIL_OPEN_ERROR_CODES = new Set(["ABORT_ERR", "ENOENT", "ETIMEDOUT"]);
 const RTK_REWRITE_MAX_BUFFER_BYTES = 64 * 1024;
+const ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID = "anthropic";
+const CLAUDE_CLI_PROVIDER_ID = "pi-claude-cli";
 
 export type RtkRewriteMode = "off" | "rewrite";
 
@@ -1171,6 +1174,51 @@ function readJsonObject(path: string): Record<string, any> {
   }
 }
 
+function resolveClaudeCliModelForAnthropicSelection(
+  modelRegistry: ModelRegistry,
+  kind: "primary" | "fallback",
+  modelId: string,
+) {
+  const cliModel = modelRegistry.find(CLAUDE_CLI_PROVIDER_ID, modelId);
+  if (cliModel) {
+    return cliModel;
+  }
+
+  const providerModels = modelRegistry.getAll().filter((model) => model.provider === CLAUDE_CLI_PROVIDER_ID);
+  if (providerModels.length > 0) {
+    const baseModel = providerModels[0]!;
+    piLog.warn(`${kind} model ${CLAUDE_CLI_PROVIDER_ID}/${modelId} not in registry; using Claude CLI provider base model as template`);
+    return { ...baseModel, id: modelId, name: modelId };
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Anthropic subscription/OAuth model ${ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID}/${modelId} requires the Claude CLI provider, but ${CLAUDE_CLI_PROVIDER_ID} is not available. `
+    + "Enable Settings → Model Providers → Claude CLI and ensure the Claude Code CLI is installed, or configure a raw ANTHROPIC_API_KEY for the direct Anthropic API provider.",
+  );
+}
+
+async function routeAnthropicSelectionForAvailableAuth(
+  authStorage: AuthStorage,
+  modelRegistry: ModelRegistry,
+  kind: "primary" | "fallback",
+  model: ReturnType<typeof resolveConfiguredModel>,
+) {
+  if (!model || model.provider !== ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID) {
+    return model;
+  }
+
+  const rawApiKey = await authStorage.getApiKey(ANTHROPIC_PROVIDER_ID);
+  if (rawApiKey) {
+    return model;
+  }
+
+  /*
+  FNXC:ProviderAuth 2026-07-01-12:00:
+  Persisted `anthropic/<model>` selections from subscription users must be re-routed at runtime, not merely hidden from the picker. With no raw Anthropic API key, `pi-claude-cli` is the compliant OAuth surface; direct `/v1` remains raw-key-only. Preserve the pre-0.52 working behavior by using the vendored CLI provider whenever it is registered, even if `useClaudeCli` was not explicitly toggled on for picker visibility; if the CLI provider is unavailable, fail before any OAuth token can reach `api.anthropic.com/v1`.
+  */
+  return resolveClaudeCliModelForAnthropicSelection(modelRegistry, kind, model.id);
+}
+
 function normalizeSessionHistoryEntries(sessionManager: SessionManagerLike): void {
   const entries = sessionManager.fileEntries;
   if (!Array.isArray(entries) || entries.length === 0) {
@@ -2164,6 +2212,19 @@ export async function createFnAgent(options: AgentOptions): Promise<AgentResult>
     );
   }
 
+  selectedModel = await routeAnthropicSelectionForAvailableAuth(
+    authStorage,
+    modelRegistry,
+    "primary",
+    selectedModel,
+  );
+  fallbackModel = await routeAnthropicSelectionForAvailableAuth(
+    authStorage,
+    modelRegistry,
+    "fallback",
+    fallbackModel,
+  );
+
   // Resolve skill selection: explicit skillSelection wins over convenience `skills`
   let effectiveSkillSelection: SkillSelectionContext | undefined = options.skillSelection;
   if (!effectiveSkillSelection && options.skills && options.skills.length > 0) {