FN-8469: prevent workflow definition ID reuse

Prevent workflow definition ID reuse across projects and insertion races.

- Scan global workflow IDs before advancing SQLite or PostgreSQL allocators.
- Retry only confirmed workflow primary-key collisions while preserving unrelated constraint errors.
- Cover stale counters and concurrent allocation behavior in SQLite and PostgreSQL tests.

Files changed:
 .../fn-8469-workflow-definition-id-allocator.md    |   7 ++
 .../__tests__/postgres/workflow-create.pg.test.ts  |  68 +++++++++++
 .../workflow-definition-id-allocator-sync.test.ts  |  60 +++++++++
 .../workflow-definition-id-allocator.test.ts       |  26 ++++
 packages/core/src/task-store/remaining-ops-1.ts    | 134 +++++++++++----------
 .../core/src/task-store/workflow-definitions.ts    | 132 +++++++++++++-------
 6 files changed, 323 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

Fusion-Task-Id: FN-8469

Fusion-Task-Lineage: ba5bde88-67ca-47dd-ba86-00aef5258d13

Co-authored-by: Fusion (runfusion.ai) <noreply@runfusion.ai>

.changeset/fn-8469-workflow-definition-id-allocator.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"@runfusion/fusion": patch
+---
+
+summary: Stop workflow-definition creates from failing when a WF-id is already taken.
+category: fix
+dev: createWorkflowDefinition allocates past occupied global workflows.id values and retries id-PK unique conflicts instead of leaking Postgres 23505 to plugins/API callers (multi-project / stale next_workflow_definition_id).

packages/core/src/__tests__/postgres/workflow-create.pg.test.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
  */
 
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach, afterAll } from "vitest";
+import type { AsyncDataLayer } from "../../postgres/data-layer.js";
+import type { TaskStore } from "../../store.js";
+import * as schema from "../../postgres/schema/index.js";
+import { writeProjectConfig } from "../../task-store/async-settings.js";
+import { __setWorkflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting } from "../../task-store/remaining-ops-1.js";
 
 import {
   pgDescribe,
@@ -32,6 +37,15 @@ pgTest("workflow definition create (PostgreSQL backend mode)", () => {
   afterEach(h.afterEach);
   afterAll(h.afterAll);
 
+  function boundLayer(projectId: string): AsyncDataLayer {
+    return { ...h.layer(), projectId };
+  }
+
+  async function boundStore(projectId: string): Promise<TaskStore> {
+    const { TaskStore: TaskStoreCtor } = await import("../../store.js");
+    return new TaskStoreCtor(h.rootDir(), undefined, { asyncLayer: boundLayer(projectId) });
+  }
+
   it("creates, updates, and deletes a workflow definition through the async layer", async () => {
     const store = h.store();
     expect(store.backendMode).toBe(true);
@@ -88,4 +102,58 @@ pgTest("workflow definition create (PostgreSQL backend mode)", () => {
     // The sibling survives the delete (independent rows).
     expect(await store.getWorkflowDefinition(second.id)).toBeDefined();
   });
+
+  it("skips a globally occupied id when another project's counter is stale", async () => {
+    const projectA = "proj_workflow_allocator_a";
+    const projectB = "proj_workflow_allocator_b";
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    await h.adminDb().insert(schema.project.workflows).values({
+      id: "WF-002",
+      name: "project A occupied workflow",
+      description: "",
+      icon: null,
+      ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR as unknown as object,
+      layout: {},
+      kind: "workflow",
+      createdAt: now,
+      updatedAt: now,
+    });
+    await writeProjectConfig(boundLayer(projectB), {}, { nextWorkflowDefinitionId: 2 });
+
+    const storeB = await boundStore(projectB);
+    const created = await storeB.createWorkflowDefinition({ name: "project B workflow", ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR });
+
+    expect(created.id).toBe("WF-003");
+    expect(await storeB.getWorkflowDefinition(created.id)).toMatchObject({ id: created.id });
+    expect(await (await boundStore(projectA)).getWorkflowDefinition("WF-002")).toMatchObject({ name: "project A occupied workflow" });
+  });
+
+  it("retries an id primary-key collision injected after allocation", async () => {
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    let injected = false;
+    __setWorkflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting(async (id, backendMode) => {
+      if (injected || !backendMode) return;
+      injected = true;
+      await h.adminDb().insert(schema.project.workflows).values({
+        id,
+        name: "race winner",
+        description: "",
+        icon: null,
+        ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR as unknown as object,
+        layout: {},
+        kind: "workflow",
+        createdAt: now,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      });
+    });
+    try {
+      const created = await h.store().createWorkflowDefinition({ name: "race retry", ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR });
+      expect(injected).toBe(true);
+      expect(created.id).toBe("WF-002");
+      expect(await h.store().getWorkflowDefinition("WF-001")).toMatchObject({ name: "race winner" });
+      expect(await h.store().getWorkflowDefinition(created.id)).toMatchObject({ name: "race retry" });
+    } finally {
+      __setWorkflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting(undefined);
+    }
+  });
 });

packages/core/src/__tests__/workflow-definition-id-allocator-sync.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR } from "../builtin-coding-workflow-ir.js";
+import { insertWorkflowDefinitionSyncImpl, nextWorkflowDefinitionIdImpl } from "../task-store/workflow-definitions.js";
+import type { TaskStore } from "../store.js";
+
+/**
+ * SQLite was removed at runtime (VAL-REMOVAL-005), but lifecycle materialization
+ * retains this synchronous compatibility branch. This narrow SQLite-shaped fake
+ * executes the real allocator and INSERT functions without reviving SQLite.
+ */
+function createSyncStoreWithStaleWorkflowCounter(): TaskStore {
+  const workflowIds = new Set(["WF-002"]);
+  const meta = new Map([["nextWorkflowDefinitionId", "2"]]);
+  const db = {
+    transactionImmediate<T>(operation: () => T): T { return operation(); },
+    prepare(query: string) {
+      if (query.includes("SELECT value FROM __meta")) {
+        return { get: () => meta.has("nextWorkflowDefinitionId") ? { value: meta.get("nextWorkflowDefinitionId") } : undefined };
+      }
+      if (query.includes("SELECT id FROM workflows")) {
+        return { all: () => [...workflowIds].map((id) => ({ id })) };
+      }
+      if (query.includes("INSERT INTO __meta")) {
+        return { run: (value: string) => { meta.set("nextWorkflowDefinitionId", value); } };
+      }
+      if (query.includes("INSERT INTO workflows")) {
+        return {
+          run: (id: string) => {
+            if (workflowIds.has(id)) throw new Error("UNIQUE constraint failed: workflows.id");
+            workflowIds.add(id);
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected SQLite-shaped query: ${query}`);
+    },
+  };
+  const store = {
+    db,
+    nextWorkflowDefinitionId() { return nextWorkflowDefinitionIdImpl(store as TaskStore); },
+    assertWorkflowIrTraitsValid() {},
+    workflowDefinitionsCache: null,
+  };
+  return store as unknown as TaskStore;
+}
+
+describe("workflow definition id allocator (sync materialization path)", () => {
+  it("allocates beyond a stale __meta counter and occupied workflow row", () => {
+    const store = createSyncStoreWithStaleWorkflowCounter();
+
+    const created = insertWorkflowDefinitionSyncImpl(store, {
+      name: "fresh workflow",
+      ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR,
+    }, true);
+
+    expect(created.id).toBe("WF-003");
+    const second = insertWorkflowDefinitionSyncImpl(store, { name: "second workflow", ir: BUILTIN_CODING_WORKFLOW_IR }, true);
+    expect(second.id).toBe("WF-004");
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/__tests__/workflow-definition-id-allocator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+  isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision,
+  maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence,
+} from "../task-store/workflow-definitions.js";
+
+describe("workflow definition id allocator helpers", () => {
+  it("finds only numeric WF ids in the global occupancy set", () => {
+    expect(maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence([])).toBe(0);
+    expect(maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence(["WF-001", "WF-010", "custom-flow", "WF-abc"])).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  it("accepts only workflow-id primary-key unique errors for retry", () => {
+    expect(isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision({
+      code: "23505",
+      constraint: "workflows_pkey",
+    })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision(new Error("UNIQUE constraint failed: workflows.id"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision({
+      code: "23505",
+      constraint: "some_other_unique",
+    })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision(new Error("network unavailable"))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/task-store/remaining-ops-1.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import {generateTaskLineageId} from "../task-lineage.js";
 import {sanitizeFileScopeInPromptContent} from "../task-store/file-scope.js";
 import {type TaskRow} from "../task-store/persistence.js";
 import {__setTaskActivityLogLimitsForTesting} from "../task-store/comments.js";
-import {nextWorkflowDefinitionIdAsyncImpl} from "../task-store/workflow-definitions.js";
+import {isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision, nextWorkflowDefinitionIdAsyncImpl} from "../task-store/workflow-definitions.js";
 import {upsertTaskRowInTransaction, buildTaskInsertValues} from "../task-store/async-persistence.js";
 import {readTaskRowInTransaction} from "../task-store/async-persistence.js";
 import {recordActivityLogEntry as recordActivityLogEntryAsync} from "../task-store/async-audit.js";
@@ -929,6 +929,15 @@ export async function getWorkflowStepImpl(store: TaskStore, id: string): Promise
     return template ? store.toBuiltInWorkflowStep(template) : undefined;
   }
 
+/** Test-only seam for proving the narrow retry handles a post-allocation race. */
+export let workflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting: ((id: string, backendMode: boolean) => void | Promise<void>) | undefined;
+
+export function __setWorkflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting(
+  hook: typeof workflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting,
+): void {
+  workflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting = hook;
+}
+
 export async function createWorkflowDefinitionImpl(store: TaskStore, input: WorkflowDefinitionInput,): Promise<WorkflowDefinition> {
     // Rollback compat (#1405): with the flag OFF, persist a pure-v1-equivalent
     // graph in the v1 shape so a binary downgrade can still load the row.
@@ -943,71 +952,72 @@ export async function createWorkflowDefinitionImpl(store: TaskStore, input: Work
       store.assertWorkflowIrTraitsValid(ir);
       const layout = input.layout ?? {};
       const now = new Date().toISOString();
-      // FNXC:SqliteFinalRemoval 2026-06-28:
-      // Backend mode (PG) allocates the WF-id from project.config via the async
-      // counter; the sync store.nextWorkflowDefinitionId() reads a SQLite __meta
-      // row that does not exist in PG. The id is computed up front so the
-      // definition object is identical across both branches.
-      const id = store.backendMode
-        ? await nextWorkflowDefinitionIdAsyncImpl(store)
-        : store.nextWorkflowDefinitionId();
-      const definition: WorkflowDefinition = {
-        id,
-        name,
-        description: input.description ?? "",
-        icon: normalizeWorkflowIcon(input.icon),
-        // KTD-1: fragments are pure-v1 IRs and pass through downgradeIrToV1IfPure
-        // unchanged; default to "workflow" when the caller omits the kind.
-        kind: input.kind === "fragment" ? "fragment" : "workflow",
-        ir,
-        layout,
-        createdAt: now,
-        updatedAt: now,
-      };
+      /*
+      FNXC:WorkflowDefinitionIdAllocator 2026-07-21-12:00:
+      The global occupancy scan prevents stale per-project counters, but cannot
+      close a multi-process race after allocation. Retry only a confirmed
+      `workflows.id` PK conflict: withConfigLock serializes this process, not
+      another process, and retrying every unique error would hide unrelated
+      constraints from plugin and API callers.
+      */
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 8; attempt += 1) {
+        const id = store.backendMode
+          ? await nextWorkflowDefinitionIdAsyncImpl(store)
+          : store.nextWorkflowDefinitionId();
+        const definition: WorkflowDefinition = {
+          id,
+          name,
+          description: input.description ?? "",
+          icon: normalizeWorkflowIcon(input.icon),
+          kind: input.kind === "fragment" ? "fragment" : "workflow",
+          ir,
+          layout,
+          createdAt: now,
+          updatedAt: now,
+        };
+
+        try {
+          await workflowDefinitionBeforeInsertForTesting?.(id, store.backendMode);
+          if (store.backendMode) {
+            await store.asyncLayer!.db.insert(schema.project.workflows).values({
+              id: definition.id,
+              name: definition.name,
+              description: definition.description,
+              icon: definition.icon ?? null,
+              ir: (flagOnForCreate ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir)) as unknown as object,
+              layout: definition.layout as unknown as object,
+              kind: definition.kind,
+              createdAt: definition.createdAt,
+              updatedAt: definition.updatedAt,
+            });
+          } else {
+            store.db
+              .prepare(
+                `INSERT INTO workflows (id, name, description, icon, ir, layout, kind, createdAt, updatedAt)
+                 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+              )
+              .run(
+                definition.id,
+                definition.name,
+                definition.description,
+                definition.icon ?? null,
+                serializeWorkflowIr(flagOnForCreate ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir)),
+                JSON.stringify(definition.layout),
+                definition.kind,
+                definition.createdAt,
+                definition.updatedAt,
+              );
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          if (!isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision(error)) throw error;
+          continue;
+        }
 
-      if (store.backendMode) {
-        // FNXC:SqliteFinalRemoval 2026-06-28:
-        // PG INSERT via Drizzle. ir/layout are jsonb columns, so the OBJECT is
-        // passed directly (no serializeWorkflowIr/JSON.stringify — that is the
-        // SQLite TEXT path). Mirrors updateWorkflowDefinitionImpl's backend
-        // branch; bumpLastModified is skipped in backend mode.
-        await store.asyncLayer!.db.insert(schema.project.workflows).values({
-          id: definition.id,
-          name: definition.name,
-          description: definition.description,
-          icon: definition.icon ?? null,
-          ir: (flagOnForCreate ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir)) as unknown as object,
-          layout: definition.layout as unknown as object,
-          kind: definition.kind,
-          createdAt: definition.createdAt,
-          updatedAt: definition.updatedAt,
-        });
         store.workflowDefinitionsCache = null;
+        if (!store.backendMode) store.db.bumpLastModified();
         return definition;
       }
-
-      store.db
-        .prepare(
-          `INSERT INTO workflows (id, name, description, icon, ir, layout, kind, createdAt, updatedAt)
-           VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
-        )
-        .run(
-          definition.id,
-          definition.name,
-          definition.description,
-          definition.icon ?? null,
-          serializeWorkflowIr(
-            flagOnForCreate ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir),
-          ),
-          JSON.stringify(definition.layout),
-          definition.kind,
-          definition.createdAt,
-          definition.updatedAt,
-        );
-
-      store.workflowDefinitionsCache = null;
-      store.db.bumpLastModified();
-      return definition;
+      throw new Error("Unable to allocate a free workflow definition id after repeated id collisions");
     });
   }
 

packages/core/src/task-store/workflow-definitions.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { PluginStore } from "../plugin-store.js";
 import { SecretsStore } from "../secrets-store.js";
 import { createAsyncDistributedTaskIdAllocator } from "./async-allocator.js";
 import { getWorkflowRow, listWorkflowRows } from "../async-workflow-store.js";
+import { isPostgresUniqueError } from "../postgres-errors.js";
 import { projectOwnershipPartition, projectScopeFor, taskProjectScope } from "../postgres/data-layer.js";
 import { getInReviewDurationEvents as getInReviewDurationEventsAsync, getTaskMergedTaskIds as getTaskMergedTaskIdsAsync } from "./async-audit.js";
 import { readProjectConfig, writeProjectConfig } from "./async-settings.js";
@@ -180,21 +181,59 @@ export function resolvePluginWorkflowStepImpl(store: TaskStore, id: string): imp
     };
 }
 
+/** Return the greatest numeric WF sequence while ignoring unrelated custom ids. */
+export function maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence(ids: readonly string[]): number {
+  let max = 0;
+  for (const id of ids) {
+    const match = /^WF-(\d+)$/.exec(id);
+    if (!match) continue;
+    const value = Number.parseInt(match[1], 10);
+    if (Number.isSafeInteger(value)) max = Math.max(max, value);
+  }
+  return max;
+}
+
+function errorMessages(error: unknown): string {
+  const messages: string[] = [];
+  let current: unknown = error;
+  for (let depth = 0; current && depth < 5; depth += 1) {
+    const value = current as { message?: unknown; constraint?: unknown; detail?: unknown; cause?: unknown };
+    for (const candidate of [value.message, value.constraint, value.detail]) {
+      if (typeof candidate === "string") messages.push(candidate);
+    }
+    current = value.cause;
+  }
+  return messages.join(" ");
+}
+
 /**
- * FNXC:SqliteFinalRemoval 2026-06-28:
- * Backend-mode (PG) sibling of nextWorkflowDefinitionIdImpl. SQLite stored the
- * WF-id counter in a __meta row read+incremented inside a transactionImmediate;
- * PG has no __meta table so the counter lives in project.config
- * (next_workflow_definition_id). The read+increment is serialized by the
- * caller's withConfigLock (mirrors createWorkflowStepImpl's WS-id counter port),
- * preserving the WF-### format and the never-reuse-across-deletes intent. The
- * existing settings are passed back through writeProjectConfig so bumping the
- * counter never clobbers the project settings object.
+ * Return true only for the global `workflows.id` primary-key target. A bare
+ * unique violation is deliberately insufficient because future workflow-table
+ * unique constraints must still reach callers unchanged.
+ */
+export function isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision(error: unknown): boolean {
+  const message = errorMessages(error);
+  const targetsWorkflowId = /(?:project\.)?workflows_pkey\b|(?:project\.)?workflows\.id\b|(?:UNIQUE|PRIMARY KEY) constraint failed:\s*(?:project\.)?workflows\.id\b/i.test(message);
+  return targetsWorkflowId && (isPostgresUniqueError(error) || /SQLITE_CONSTRAINT|UNIQUE constraint failed|PRIMARY KEY constraint failed/i.test(message));
+}
+
+/**
+ * FNXC:WorkflowDefinitionIdAllocator 2026-07-21-12:00:
+ * `project.workflows.id` is global while `config.next_workflow_definition_id`
+ * belongs to one project. Allocate above the full unscoped workflows table as
+ * well as the monotonic local counter, otherwise a stale second-project counter
+ * can reissue an id owned by another project. The create path separately retries
+ * an id-PK race because this scan and withConfigLock are process-local.
  */
 export async function nextWorkflowDefinitionIdAsyncImpl(store: TaskStore): Promise<string> {
   const layer = store.asyncLayer!;
-  const configRow = await readProjectConfig(layer);
-  const next = configRow.nextWorkflowDefinitionId ?? 1;
+  const [configRow, workflows] = await Promise.all([
+    readProjectConfig(layer),
+    // listWorkflowRows deliberately has no project_id filter: workflow ids are global PKs.
+    listWorkflowRows(layer),
+  ]);
+  const counter = configRow.nextWorkflowDefinitionId ?? 1;
+  const next = Math.max(counter, maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence(workflows.map(({ id }) => id)) + 1);
   await writeProjectConfig(layer, configRow.settings ?? {}, {
     nextWorkflowDefinitionId: next + 1,
   });
@@ -209,7 +248,9 @@ export function nextWorkflowDefinitionIdImpl(store: TaskStore): string {
       const row = store.db.prepare("SELECT value FROM __meta WHERE key = 'nextWorkflowDefinitionId'").get() as
         | { value: string }
         | undefined;
-      const next = row ? parseInt(row.value, 10) || 1 : 1;
+      const counter = row ? parseInt(row.value, 10) || 1 : 1;
+      const workflowRows = store.db.prepare("SELECT id FROM workflows").all() as Array<{ id: string }>;
+      const next = Math.max(counter, maxWorkflowDefinitionSequence(workflowRows.map(({ id }) => id)) + 1);
       store.db
         .prepare(
           "INSERT INTO __meta (key, value) VALUES ('nextWorkflowDefinitionId', ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value",
@@ -355,36 +396,43 @@ export function insertWorkflowDefinitionSyncImpl(store: TaskStore,
     store.assertWorkflowIrTraitsValid(ir);
     const layout = input.layout ?? {};
     const now = new Date().toISOString();
-    const id = store.nextWorkflowDefinitionId();
-    const definition: WorkflowDefinition = {
-      id,
-      name,
-      description: input.description ?? "",
-      icon: normalizeWorkflowIcon(input.icon),
-      kind: input.kind === "fragment" ? "fragment" : "workflow",
-      ir,
-      layout,
-      createdAt: now,
-      updatedAt: now,
-    };
-    store.db
-      .prepare(
-        `INSERT INTO workflows (id, name, description, icon, ir, layout, kind, createdAt, updatedAt)
-         VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
-      )
-      .run(
-        definition.id,
-        definition.name,
-        definition.description,
-        definition.icon ?? null,
-        serializeWorkflowIr(flagOn ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir)),
-        JSON.stringify(definition.layout),
-        definition.kind,
-        definition.createdAt,
-        definition.updatedAt,
-      );
-    store.workflowDefinitionsCache = null;
-    return definition;
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 8; attempt += 1) {
+      const definition: WorkflowDefinition = {
+        id: store.nextWorkflowDefinitionId(),
+        name,
+        description: input.description ?? "",
+        icon: normalizeWorkflowIcon(input.icon),
+        kind: input.kind === "fragment" ? "fragment" : "workflow",
+        ir,
+        layout,
+        createdAt: now,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      };
+      try {
+        store.db
+          .prepare(
+            `INSERT INTO workflows (id, name, description, icon, ir, layout, kind, createdAt, updatedAt)
+             VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+          )
+          .run(
+            definition.id,
+            definition.name,
+            definition.description,
+            definition.icon ?? null,
+            serializeWorkflowIr(flagOn ? definition.ir : downgradeIrToV1IfPure(definition.ir)),
+            JSON.stringify(definition.layout),
+            definition.kind,
+            definition.createdAt,
+            definition.updatedAt,
+          );
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (!isWorkflowDefinitionIdPrimaryKeyCollision(error)) throw error;
+        continue;
+      }
+      store.workflowDefinitionsCache = null;
+      return definition;
+    }
+    throw new Error("Unable to allocate a free workflow definition id after repeated id collisions");
 }
 
 export async function isWorkflowCliCommandApprovedImpl(store: TaskStore, command: string): Promise<boolean> {