diff --git a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/__tests__/event-bridge-bounds.test.ts b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/__tests__/event-bridge-bounds.test.ts
index 6e488cb8ac..7d8a1d6bf4 100644
--- a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/__tests__/event-bridge-bounds.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/__tests__/event-bridge-bounds.test.ts
@@ -158,3 +158,47 @@ describe("event bridge bounds: toolCall correlation map (Risk S5)", () => {
     expect(onToolEnd).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Sneaky", false, undefined);
   });
 });
+
+describe("plan output bounds (S5)", () => {
+  it("caps plan entry count and charges the per-turn budget", async () => {
+    const { createEventBridge, MAX_PLAN_ENTRIES, PER_TURN_OUTPUT_CAP_CHARS } = await import(
+      "../event-bridge.js"
+    );
+    const thinking: string[] = [];
+    const bridge = createEventBridge({ onThinking: (t) => thinking.push(t) });
+    const entries = Array.from({ length: MAX_PLAN_ENTRIES + 50 }, (_, i) => ({
+      content: `step ${i}`,
+      priority: "low",
+      status: "pending",
+    }));
+    bridge.handleSessionUpdate({ sessionUpdate: "plan", entries } as never);
+    expect(thinking).toHaveLength(1);
+    // Truncation marker present; not all entries formatted.
+    expect(thinking[0]).toContain("50 more entries truncated");
+    expect(thinking[0].length).toBeLessThan(PER_TURN_OUTPUT_CAP_CHARS);
+  });
+
+  it("suppresses plan output once the per-turn cap has flagged", async () => {
+    const { createEventBridge, PER_CHUNK_CAP_CHARS, PER_TURN_OUTPUT_CAP_CHARS } = await import(
+      "../event-bridge.js"
+    );
+    const thinking: string[] = [];
+    const bridge = createEventBridge({ onThinking: (t) => thinking.push(t) });
+    // Flood text until the per-turn cap flags.
+    const chunk = "x".repeat(PER_CHUNK_CAP_CHARS);
+    const chunksNeeded = Math.ceil(PER_TURN_OUTPUT_CAP_CHARS / PER_CHUNK_CAP_CHARS) + 2;
+    for (let i = 0; i < chunksNeeded; i += 1) {
+      bridge.handleSessionUpdate({
+        sessionUpdate: "agent_thought_chunk",
+        content: { type: "text", text: chunk },
+      } as never);
+    }
+    const before = thinking.length;
+    bridge.handleSessionUpdate({
+      sessionUpdate: "plan",
+      entries: [{ content: "late plan", priority: "low", status: "pending" }],
+    } as never);
+    // No plan line after the cap flagged.
+    expect(thinking.length).toBe(before);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/control-handler.ts b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/control-handler.ts
index c6e37d80d0..f51809c602 100644
--- a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/control-handler.ts
+++ b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/control-handler.ts
@@ -191,9 +191,16 @@ export async function runApprovalForCategory(
       }
     }
 
-    // No way to block for a human decision → default-deny BEFORE creating a
-    // request, so we never orphan a perpetually-`pending` record in the store.
-    if (typeof gate.pauseForApproval !== "function") {
+    // Default-deny BEFORE creating a request when the HITL round-trip cannot
+    // complete: without `pauseForApproval` we cannot block for a decision, and
+    // without `findApprovalByDedupeKey` we cannot READ the decision after the
+    // pause — a human approval would be silently discarded (mapStatus(undefined)
+    // → deny). Denying upfront never orphans a pending record and never wastes
+    // a human's approval on an outcome that would be denied anyway.
+    if (
+      typeof gate.pauseForApproval !== "function" ||
+      typeof gate.findApprovalByDedupeKey !== "function"
+    ) {
       return "deny";
     }
 
diff --git a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/event-bridge.ts b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/event-bridge.ts
index cdc7afba0d..543f663ba6 100644
--- a/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/event-bridge.ts
+++ b/plugins/fusion-plugin-acp-runtime/src/event-bridge.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ export const PER_CHUNK_CAP_CHARS = 64_000;
  */
 export const TOOL_CALL_MAP_CAP = 1000;
 
+/**
+ * Max plan entries formatted into the plan log line. Entry size is bounded in
+ * formatPlan; this bounds the COUNT so one plan event cannot bypass the
+ * per-turn output budget with thousands of 64KB entries (Risk S5).
+ */
+export const MAX_PLAN_ENTRIES = 100;
+
 /** Tracked metadata for an in-flight tool call, keyed by `toolCallId`. */
 interface TrackedToolCall {
   title?: string | null;
@@ -223,8 +230,20 @@ export function createEventBridge(callbacks: AcpCallbacks): EventBridge {
 
   function handlePlan(entries: PlanEntry[] | undefined): void {
     // FULL REPLACEMENT: drop any prior snapshot, surface the new one once.
+    // Plan output is charged against the same per-turn budget as text/thinking
+    // (Risk S5): entry SIZE is bounded in formatPlan, but entry COUNT is
+    // agent-controlled — without the cap below, one plan event with thousands
+    // of entries bypasses the per-turn ceiling entirely.
+    if (outputCapFlagged) return;
     const list = Array.isArray(entries) ? entries : [];
-    callbacks.onThinking?.(formatPlan(list));
+    const capped = list.slice(0, MAX_PLAN_ENTRIES);
+    let line = formatPlan(capped);
+    if (list.length > capped.length) {
+      line += `\n- … ${list.length - capped.length} more entries truncated`;
+    }
+    line = boundString(line, PER_CHUNK_CAP_CHARS);
+    cumulativeOutputChars += line.length;
+    callbacks.onThinking?.(line);
   }
 
   function handleSessionUpdate(update: SessionUpdate): void {